Traumatic Brain Injury
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when there is a transfer of kinetic energy into the brain followed by a drop in consciousness and awareness (GCS 3-8). A focal deficit…
Read MorePrimary Hyperparathyroidism
Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs with the parathyroid glands secrete excess parathyroid hormone (PTH). Richard Owen was the first to describe the parathyroid gland after performing a postmortem exam of an Indian…
Read MoreGraves’ Disease
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Robert James Graves, an Irish physician and surgeon, described the condition in…
Read MoreExtremity Sarcomas
The term “sarcoma” is derived from Greek meaning “fleshy excrescence.” Rudolf Virchow worked to classify sarcomas as a distinct connective tissue cancer in the mid-19th century. Pathogenesis Presentation Workup Staging…
Read MoreThe Pregnant Patient
In the 19th century, surgeons provided the foundations of operative obstetrics and gynecology. Today, these fields have specialized and are distinct, however there is crossover with diagnoses in a shared…
Read MoreCongenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) occurs when there is improper development of the diaphragm which results in herniation of the abdominal contents into the thorax. Vincenz Alexander Bochdalek described the common…
Read MoreSurgical Site Infection
Surgical site infection (SSI) is a complication seen after surgery or an invasive procedure. Around half of all SSIs are potentially preventable if evidence-based best practices are followed, however it…
Read MoreEndovascular AAA Repair
Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) was first described by Juan Parodi in 1991 as an alternative approach for patients who were deemed unable to undergo open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair.…
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