Cholelithiasis
Cholelithiasis is the medical term for gallstones. In 1507, Antonio Benivieni, of Florence, Italy, reported an autopsy and marked the first correlation between clinical symptoms of gallstones with the diseased…
Read MoreBiliary Dyskinesia
Biliary dyskinesia is when there is gallbladder dysmotility, which is defined as a gallbladder ejection fraction < 35%. It was first described in the 19th century. In 1981, Gerbail T.…
Read MoreHemorrhoids, internal
Internal hemorrhoids occur proximal to the dentate line. The treatment of hemorrhoids in the past has included suppositories, cautery, and excision. Walter Whitehead introduced a radical procedure in 1882 in…
Read MorePilonidal Cyst
Pilonidal cyst derives its name from Latin pilus (hair) and nidus (nest). O.H. Mayo was the first to describe the disease in 1883. Etiology Pathogenesis Physical Exam Imaging Treatment Relevant…
Read MoreZollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is a disease consisting of a clinical triad of gastric acid hypersecretion, severe PUD, and gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumors (NETs; gastrinomas). It derives its name from the the…
Read MorePeptic Ulcer Disease
Peptic ulcer disease are erosions in the GI mucosa that extend through the muscularis propria. H. pylori is a common cause of peptic ulcer disease and was first elucidated by…
Read MoreInguinal Hernia
Inguinal hernias are a type of hernia that occurs in the area of the groin, the area between the lower part of the abdomen and thigh, and pass through the…
Read MoreSmall Bowel Obstruction
Small bowel obstruction is a blockage of the small intestines. It was recognized as early as the sixth century B.C. by Susruta. From then until recently, intestinal obstruction was recognized…
Read MoreCholedocholithiasis
Choledocholithiasis occurs when there is a gallstone in the common bile duct. In 1877, Jean-Martin Charcot described the symptoms associated with the passage of common bile duct stones. Choledochotomy, or…
Read MoreAscending Cholangitis
Cholangitis is an ascending infection of the common bile duct (CBD) secondary to obstruction and increased intraluminal pressure. It was first described in 1877 by Jean-Martin Charcot. Etiology Epidemiology History…
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