Breast Cyst
Breast cysts are fluid-filled, epithelial-lined cavities located within the breast parenchyma. They can range in size from microscopic to large palpable cysts with 20 – 30 mL of fluid. Epidemiology…
Read MoreGalactocele
Galactoceles are milk-filled cysts. The term “galactocele” is derived from the Greek words galatea (milky white) and cele (pouch). Epidemiology Pathogenesis Presentation Workup Treatment Relevant Information Differential Diagnoses
Read MoreHemorrhoids, external
External hemorrhoids occur distal to the dentate line. The treatment of hemorrhoids in the past has included suppositories, cautery, and excision. Walter Whitehead introduced a radical procedure in 1882 in…
Read MoreAnal Fissure
Anal fissures occur when there is a tear in the anal canal that usually extends from the dentate line to the anal verge. The most effective treatment for anal fissures,…
Read MoreColon Cancer
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and women in the U.S. Colorectal cancer is further divided into colon cancer and rectal cancer. The former will be…
Read MoreFistula-in-Ano
Fistulas occur when there is an abnormal connection between two epithelialized surfaces that do not usually connect. Fistula-in-ano refers to a fistula between the skin and the anus. In 30…
Read MoreAnorectal Abscess
Anorectal (perirectal) abscesses are usually the result of an infection of the anal glands located at the dentate line. They commonly expand caudally to the anoderm (perianal abscess) or across…
Read MoreRectovaginal Fistula
Rectovaginal fistulas are an abnormal connection between the rectum and vagina. In patients with recurring or persistent rectovaginal fistulas, a Martius repair can be utilized to correct the abnormality. This…
Read MoreVentral Hernia
Ventral hernias are hernias that occur through the anterior abdominal wall. Etiology Presentation Workup Relevant Information Complications Scoring Systems/Classifications Differential Diagnoses
Read MoreInflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. It can be further divided into ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease. The name “ulcerative colitis” was coined…
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