Choledochal Cysts
Choledochal cysts are malformations that affect the biliary tract and are often diagnosed in the newborn or antenatal period. There is a malignant transformation risk and this concern is what…
Read MoreBenign Abdominal Wall Tumors
Tumors of the abdominal wall exist in abundance and are a common consult that general surgery receives. Lipomas Neurofibroma Schwannoma Myxoma Dermatofibroma Eccrine Spiradenoma Desmoid Tumors Abscesses Cysticercosis Hydatid Cyst…
Read MoreNecrotizing Soft Tissue Infection
Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) is a broad term used for infections in the skin and soft tissue. Hippocrates described these infections as early as the 5th century BC. The…
Read MoreCutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common skin cancer and develops due to mutations resulting in keratinocyte proliferation and expansion. In 1804, Rene Laennec described forms of skin…
Read MorePrimary Hyperparathyroidism
Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs with the parathyroid glands secrete excess parathyroid hormone (PTH). Richard Owen was the first to describe the parathyroid gland after performing a postmortem exam of an Indian…
Read MoreGraves’ Disease
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Robert James Graves, an Irish physician and surgeon, described the condition in…
Read MoreExtremity Sarcomas
The term “sarcoma” is derived from Greek meaning “fleshy excrescence.” Rudolf Virchow worked to classify sarcomas as a distinct connective tissue cancer in the mid-19th century. Pathogenesis Presentation Workup Staging…
Read MoreCongenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) occurs when there is improper development of the diaphragm which results in herniation of the abdominal contents into the thorax. Vincenz Alexander Bochdalek described the common…
Read MoreAdrenal Insufficiency
Thomas Addison was the first to describe the clinical features of primary adrenal failure in 1855 in a paper called “Disease of the Supra-renal Capsules,” where he described the adrenal…
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