Graves’ Disease
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Robert James Graves, an Irish physician and surgeon, described the condition in…
Read MoreExtremity Sarcomas
The term “sarcoma” is derived from Greek meaning “fleshy excrescence.” Rudolf Virchow worked to classify sarcomas as a distinct connective tissue cancer in the mid-19th century. Pathogenesis Presentation Workup Staging…
Read MoreCongenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) occurs when there is improper development of the diaphragm which results in herniation of the abdominal contents into the thorax. Vincenz Alexander Bochdalek described the common…
Read MoreAdrenal Insufficiency
Thomas Addison was the first to describe the clinical features of primary adrenal failure in 1855 in a paper called “Disease of the Supra-renal Capsules,” where he described the adrenal…
Read MoreGastroschisis
Gastroschisis was first described in 1547 by Conrad Wolffhart followed by a report by J. Calder in 1733. The term wasn’t coined until 1894, when Cesare Taruffi, an Italian pathologist,…
Read MoreRectus Sheath Hematoma
The first angiographic embolization for rectus sheath hematoma was described by Levy in 1980. The technique included transcatheter use of Gelfoam in order to stop arterial bleeding. Etiology Epidemiology Presentation…
Read MoreRadial Scar
Benign sclerosing lesions include radial scars and complex sclerosing lesions. Radial scars are are always ≤10 mm while complex sclerosing lesions are >10 mm. They exist as an area of…
Read MoreBreast Fat Necrosis
Breast fat necrosis was described by Geoffrey Hadfield in a report written in 1926 in the British Journal of Surgery. In this description, it was described as an “innocent condition”…
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