Radial Scar
Benign sclerosing lesions include radial scars and complex sclerosing lesions. Radial scars are are always ≤10 mm while complex sclerosing lesions are >10 mm. They exist as an area of…
Read MoreBreast Fat Necrosis
Breast fat necrosis was described by Geoffrey Hadfield in a report written in 1926 in the British Journal of Surgery. In this description, it was described as an “innocent condition”…
Read MoreToxic Megacolon
Toxic megacolon occurs as acute colitis with dilation of the colon (≥6 cm) with a nonobstructive segmental or complete dilation pattern on imaging with signs of systemic toxicity. Etiology Pathogenesis…
Read MoreAppendiceal Carcinoma
In 1867, four case reports by Rokitansky described carcinoma of the appendix. However, microscopic diagnosis was not provided at that time. The first microscopically confirmed case of appendiceal carcinoma was…
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Big Concepts
Breast
Diagnosis Scripts
General Surgery
Hernias
Skin and Soft Tissue
Surgical Complications
Wound Complications
Hematoma
Hematomas are collections of blood in subcutaneous tissue or deeper tissues at site of surgery (in post-operative setting). They are named according to location (e.g. abdominal wall, parathyroid, retroperitoneal) and…
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Big Concepts
Breast
Diagnosis Scripts
General Surgery
Hernias
Skin and Soft Tissue
Surgical Complications
Wound Complications
Seroma
A seroma is a collection of fluid composed of fat, serum, and lymph. Seromas commonly develop following surgery as the body tries to fill in the dead space created during…
Read MoreDiverticulosis
Diverticulosis refers to abnormal pouching of the colonic wall. The term “divertikel” was coined by Fleischman in 1815. Jean Cruveilhier described herniations through the muscular layer of the colon in…
Read MoreIleus, postoperative
Ileus occurs when there is intestinal distention and either slowing or no passage of luminal contents without a demonstrable mechanical obstruction. The term “ileus” is derived from the Greek word…
Read MoreFournier Gangrene
Fournier gangrene is a fulminant form of necrotizing fasciitis that affects the perineal, genital, or perianal regions. It was first described in 1883 by Alfred Fournier, a French dermatologist and…
Read MoreLarge Bowel Obstruction
Large bowel obstruction occurs when there is a bowel obstruction distal to the ileocecal valve. Bowel obstructions have been documented as early as 1550 B.C. in the Papyrus. Etiology History…
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